APPROACHES TO PLANNING LONG-TERM TRAINING OF SPORTS RESERVE IN BIATHLON

The research purpose is to conduct a comparative analysis of the dynamics of increasing training load and options for distributing the cyclic load across intensity zones in biathletes from different countries at the stages of long-term training.

Methods and organization of the research. A retrospective analysis of the performance results of leading athletes of the Russian and French national teams was conducted. Individual sections of the Federal Standard of Sports Training in Biathlon, a typical program for the sport of Biathlon and methodological materials for training Russian national biathlon teams were considered. Recommendations of leading specialists of the German Ski Federation were studied, an analysis of methodological recommendations prepared by specialists of the Norwegian University of Science and Technology, the Norwegian Ski Union, the National Association of Volunteer Shooters of Norway and the Norwegian Biathlon Union was conducted.

Results of the research and their discussion. An analysis of the dynamics of the nature of the distribution of loads of different intensity at the stages of long-term training in biathletes from different countries allowed us to reveal key differences. Foreign athletes typically increase the partial volume of aerobic training loads at each subsequent stage of long-term training, while in Russia a gradual increase in anaerobic loads is recommended, with peak values ​​being reached at the stage of highest sports mastery. Foreign biathletes have a sharp increase in the total volume of training load when moving to the junior category, while in Russia the total volume of training load increases gradually at each subsequent stage of long-term training. In addition, before reaching the junior age, there are no differences in this indicator between men and women among foreign biathletes.
 

Conclusion. The leaders of world biathlon begin to compete in World Cup stages at the junior age, while in the third season of stable performances at the international level they reach speed values close to individual peak indicators of movement speed. An individual approach to finding the optimal balance of loads for developing aerobic capabilities in combination with a certain amount of speed work will optimize the growth of the functional capabilities of the athletes' body and increase the effectiveness of competitive activity.

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