FUNCTIONAL PROFILE OF HIGHLY QUALIFIED GYMNASTS

The purpose of the research was to determine the model functional profile of highly qualified gymnasts.

Methods and organization of the research. The main research methods were anthropometry, stabilometry, bioimpedance analysis of the body and determination of anaerobic power using the Wingate test (foot and hand), implemented within the framework of the organization of a mobile laboratory during the I All-Russian Spartakiad of the strongest athletes of Russia in summer sports: artistic gymnastics competitions. Pedagogical observation of the competitive activities of the best gymnasts (Honoured Master of Sports (HMS), Master of Sports of International Class (MSIC), Master of Sports (MS)) was conducted at these competitions (n=15). The gymnasts were divided into three groups: group 3 – gymnasts-masters of sports (n=8), group 2 – gymnasts, members of the Russian national team, winners of championships and cups of Russia (MS, MSIC) (n=5), group 1 – elite gymnasts, leaders of the Russian national team, including 1 Olympic champion (MS, HMS) (n=2). The functional profile was determined by finding relationships between sports results and functional parameters of the gymnasts; comparison between the groups was carried out using one-way analysis of variance.

Research results and their discussion. Differences in anthropometric indicators were revealed in three groups of gymnasts: group 1 has the highest index of torso length, while this group has the lowest index of relative arm length. Group 2 has a proportional body type. The anaerobic performance indicators of the gymnasts of group 1 are statistically significantly different from those of the gymnasts of groups 3 and 2 (p≤0.05), with the peculiarity of group 1 being the registration of the absolute peak power parameter PP (W), shown by the arms (982.50±16.60), which is greater than the similar indicator shown by the legs (817.85±60.45), when performing the Wingate test (5 sec). The gymnasts of group 1 also differ significantly in terms of body composition indicators, especially in terms of the proportion of active body mass (67.65%±1.05). 

Conclusion. As a result of the research, functional profiles of elite gymnasts, gymnasts of the national team and gymnasts-masters of sports were determined, which can be used as a guide when interpreting the results of functional diagnostics of gymnasts and concluding about their prospects from the functional component.
 

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