GENDER CHARACTERISTICS OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY IN YOUNG 12–13-YEAR-OLD SHORT-TRACK ATHLETES

The research purpose was to identify gender and age characteristics of heart rate variability (HRV) indices at the end of the competitive period of the annual cycle in 12-13-year-old boys and girls involved in short track.

Material and methods of the research. The study involved 18 12-year-old adolescent boys, 22 13-year-old adolescent boys, 15 12-year-old adolescent girls and 16 13-year-old adolescent girls. The diagnostic device “Varicard 2.52” (RAMENA, Ryazan-Moscow) was used to study the heart rate variability. The generally accepted time and spectral indices of heart rate variability were calculated using the “Iskim 6.2” program. The recording duration in clinostasis and orthostasis was 5 minutes.

Results. After the end of the competitive period, 12-year-old boys and girls show a progressive strengthening of the central control mechanism and a weakening of the autonomous regulation mechanism. At 13 years of age, both sexes experience a rapid increase in the activity of the autonomous regulation mechanism against the background of a significant decrease in the central regulation mechanism. Gender differences are due to hormonal characteristics and stages of puberty in the female and male organism.

Conclusion. In sports, the characteristics of heart rate variability can be used as a tool for monitoring and assessing the effectiveness of physical training and competitive loads to maintain high performance and health.

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