RETROSPECTIVE REVIEW OF SWIMMING STANDARDS AS PART OF THE COMPLEX “READY FOR LABOUR AND DEFENSE OF THE USSR”

The research purpose is to analyze changes in regulatory requirements and the composition of tests related to swimming in the structure of the complex «Ready for Labor and Defense of the USSR» (USSR GTO complex) in the period from 1931 to 1989. 

Methods and organization of the research. Analysis and synthesis of scientific and methodological literature, normative legal acts and periodical articles were used. The following methods were also used: retrospective method, historical and comparative method, general scientific research methods.

Research results and their discussion. The main stages of transformation of the USSR GTO complex are determined. The main trends in changes in the composition of tests, regulatory requirements, the evolution of teaching methods and the content of swimming lessons at various stages of the development of the USSR GTO complex are revealed. The results presented in this article have shown that swimming is one of the basic standards of the USSR GTO complex at all stages of its existence. One of the main trends was the change in the composition of swimming standards, associated with the transition from their applied focus to mass sports one. In addition, there is a tendency towards a decrease in the number of standards, their variability, as well as a decrease in their significance. 

Conclusion. The USSR GTO complex remained the programmatic and normative basis of physical education in the USSR for a long time. In different historical periods, standards related to swimming fulfilled various tasks: mainly applied in the pre-war and war periods, mass sports in the post-war years, utilitarian tasks for mastering a vital skill in the last years of the existence of the USSR GTO complex. Features of changes in regulatory requirements for high-speed swimming at distances of 50 and 100 m freestyle were also revealed, which resulted in a reduction in the scope of standards, as well as a reduction in requirements. 

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