PLANNING PHYSICAL AND TECHNICAL TRAINING OF ATHLETES IN THE ANNUAL CYCLE AT THE TRAINING STAGE

The research purpose is to study options for planning physical and technical training of track and field athletes at the educational and training stage in the annual cycle.

Methods and organization of the research. The study examined six training programs for track and field athletes aged 12-13 and 14-15. The volumes (min) of training loads in the training macrocycle were analyzed. At the beginning and end of the annual cycle, comprehensive monitoring was conducted to assess physical and technical fitness. Based on the test results, the growth rates were calculated using the S. Brody formula. The relationships between training loads and growth rates in tests using the Spearman method were studied.

Results and their discussion. The first training program is aimed at developing endurance, speed, and complex coordination abilities. The second training program is aimed at developing general and speed-strength endurance. The third training program is based on developing speed, speed-strength abilities. Depending on the training program, high growth rates were observed in the following tests: 1000-meter run, 60-meter hurdle race and high jump with a running start. As a result of the correlation analysis, positive relationships were found between the volumes of loads aimed at developing motor abilities and the growth rates of results in tests reflecting physical fitness. No reliable correlations were found between the volumes of training loads aimed at improving technical actions and the growth rates of results in tests reflecting technical fitness. 

Conclusion. The first direction in planning the preparation of track and field athletes at the educational and training stage involves an in-depth study of the technique of the selected type of competitive discipline and the implementation of a significant amount of special training. The second direction involves a multi-type, proportionate improvement of athletes. Analysis of planning options showed that insufficient technical training or imperfect technique of motor actions are limiting factors in the preparation of track and field athletes at the educational and training stage. We believe that when planning the physical and technical training of track and field athletes at the educational and training stage, it is necessary to pay attention not only to the quantitative but also to the qualitative characteristics of the load.

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