EVALUATION OF THE EFFECTIVENESS OF THE METHOD OF INCREASING THE LEVEL OF PHYSICAL FITNESS AND FUNCTIONAL STATE OF 400 M RUNNERS USING THE ORIENTAL BREATHING PRACTICE "BADUANJIN"

The purpose of the research: to evaluate the effectiveness of the method for increasing the level of physical fitness and functional state of 400 m runners using the oriental breathing practice «Baduanjin» in a pedagogical experiment.

Research methods and organization: theoretical analysis, generalization, anthropometry, dynamometry, cardiointervalometry, spirography, pedagogical and psychophysiological testing, pedagogical experiment, analysis of competitive activity, mathematical and statistical methods. The contingent of subjects was 28 400 m runners, who formed the experimental (EG) and control (CG) groups, 14 people in each. The research was conducted at the Panjin Sports School, China.

Research results and their discussion. The methodology developed includes the following components: the content of the first and second macrocycles of annual training, the Baduanjin qigong breathing exercises complex, selected pedagogical tests for monitoring general physical fitness with developed assessment scales, significant indicators of functional state (variational cardiointervalometry and spirography parameters), as well as criteria for assessing the psychophysiological state with assessment scales and the technology for monitoring runners. The introduction of this method into the training process of athletes contributed to an increase in the level of physical fitness, functional and psychophysiological state of runners, and an improvement in athletic performance in the 400 m run.

Conclusion. The developed method for increasing the level of physical fitness and functional state of 400 m runners using the eastern breathing practice «Baduanjin» can be recommended for use in training athletes, as it helps to increase recovery potential, significantly reduce the stress of regulatory systems, increase the volume indicators and functional capabilities of the external respiratory system, as well as improve reaction, the ability to accurately process visual information, which has a positive effect not only on the functional state of the athlete, but also on the competitive result.

• Grace S. [Program: Development of basic training of the next generation of champions in athletics]. IAAF Athletics Bulletin, 2014, No. 3, pp. 85-98 (in Russ.).
• Zelichenok V. B. Athletics: selection criteria / V. B. Zelichenok, V. G. Nikitushkin, V. P. Guba. – M.: Terra-Sport, 2000. – 240 p.
• Zotova F. R., Alkhusni A. H., Khusnutdinova R. G. [Comparative analysis of indicators of physical development and physical fitness of girls and boys 7-8 years old engaged in athletics]. Science and sport: current trends, 2022, Vol. 10, No. 1, pp. 26-36 (in Russ.).
• Krivoruchenko E. V., Ivanov A. I., Shadrina O. V., Sentizova M. I. [The relationship between the level of physical fitness and the type of autonomic regulation of the heart rhythm of track and field athletes]. Theory and practice of physical culture, 2019, No. 10, pp. 35-37 (in Russ.).
• Liu S., Cherkashin I.A., Cherkashina E.V. [Significant indicators of variational cardiointervalometry of 400 m runners at the training stage]. Theory and practice of physical culture, 2024, No. 8, pp. 25-27 (in Russ.).
• Liu S., Cherkashina E.V., Cherkashin I.A. [Identification of the relationship between the performance indicators in the 400 m run and the parameters of the respiratory function of athletes specializing in long sprints]. From the international sports games «Children of Asia» to university sports: Collection of scientific papers of the International Scientific Conference, within the framework of the VIII International Sports Games «Children of Asia» and the 25th anniversary of the Churapchinsky State Institute of Physical Culture and Sports, Yakutsk, July 04-05, 2024. Yakutsk: Churapchinsky State Institute of Physical Culture and Sports, 2024. – pp. 185-191 (in Russ.).
• Nikitushkin V. G., Cherkashin V. P., Chesnokov N.N., Zuev S. N. [Determination of the functional cost of fixed assets for training young sprinters]. Theory and practice of physical culture, 2018, No. 1, pp. 40-42 (in Russ.).
• Platonov, V., Bolshakova I. [Forcing long-term training of athletes and the Youth Olympic Games]. Science in Olympic sports., 2013(2), pp. 37-42 (in Russ.).
• Cherkashin I. A., Liu S. [Applications of oriental breathing practices for correction of the functional state of athletes]. Modern trends in the development of theory and methodology of high-performance sports and the sports reserve training system: materials of the VII All-Russian Scientific and Practical conference with international participation, Malakhovka, April 25-26, 2024, Malakhovka, Moscow State Academy of Physical Culture, 2024, pp. 401-406 (in Russ.).
• Cherkashina E.V., Liu S., Cherkashin I.A. [Identification of correlation relationship of results in the 400 m run and physical fitness indicators of athletes specializing in long sprint]. Science and sport: current trends, 2024, vol. 12, no. 3, pp. 149-156 (in Russ.).
• Schiffer, Yu. [Athletics for children and adults]. IAAF Athletics Bulletin, 2013, No. 1-2, pp. 7-20 (in Russ.).
• Okudaira M., Kuki S., Yoshida T., Fukuda D. H., Tanigawa, S. Load characteristics of sprint interval training according to 400 m running performance: competitive level comparison. International Journal of Sport and Health Science, 2019; 17: 148-154.
• Schiffer J. The 400 meters. New Studies in Athletics, 2008; 23(2): 7-13.