OLYMPIC TRAINING CYCLE IN GAME SPORTS FROM THE POSITION OF MICRO-, MESO- AND MACROSTRUCTURE (ON THE EXAMPLE OF FIELD HOCKEY)

The research purpose was to analyze certain biomechanical parameters such as impact force, execution time aResearch purpose: to study the structure and dynamics of training highly qualified field hockey players in three consecutive Olympic cycles. 

Methods and organization of the research. The study was conducted on the basis of the men's field hockey team ‘Dynamo-Elektrostal’, Moscow region (2004-2018) and the Russian men's national field hockey and indoor hockey team (2006-2016) during the preparation of the national team for the qualifying tournaments of three Olympic Games in Beijing (2008), London (2012), Rio de Janeiro (2016), the club team – for the national championship games, the National Cup and European club tournaments. The author of the article was the head coach of the Russian national team (2006-2012) and the club team (2004-2018). The analysis used methods of mathematical statistics, comparative analysis and extrapolation.

Research results and their discussion. The dynamics of increasing training and competition load within the annual cycle from the indoor hockey season (November-February) to the following mesocycles had a positive effect on the results of the main competitions in 2008. In field hockey it is necessary to take into account the three-cycle principle of the annual season. The total number of training days in the three Olympic cycles was not equal, ranging from 1293 days in the second cycle to 1356 days in the third cycle. Within the four-year periods, heterogeneity in the distribution of the number of training days was also noted, both by mesocycles (MSC) and by microcycles (MCC). In the two Olympic cycles of 2004-2008 and 2008-2012, there was a tendency towards a gradual decrease in short 5-6 day MCCs from the first to the third MSC and an increase in the number of long MCCs of 9 or more days.

Conclusion. The structure of training highly qualified field hockey players in the first studied Olympic cycle of 2004-2008 can be considered as a model, which is confirmed by the victory of the Russian national team in the European Indoor Field Hockey Championship in January 2008 and the winning of bronze medals in the Olympic qualifying tournament in field hockey in March 2008. These are the best results of summer hockey players from 1993 to the present.

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