Article
The adult intestinal microbiome contains trillions of microorganisms of various species, while only a third of the intestinal microflora is common to the entire population. The remaining specific representatives provide genetic individual variability. In addition, the nature of nutrition has a high impact on the microbial diversity of the intestine.
Research purpose is to analyze the literature data on the study of the influence of macronutrients on the optimization of the intestinal microbiome and its role in the formation of the athlete's adaptive potential.
Materials and methods were analysis and generalization of scientific articles. Literature search was carried out in the following databases: PubMed (United States National Library of Medicine), ScienceDirect, Scopus, electronic library eLIBRARY.RU. The search depth was 15 years.
Results: intestinal microflora significantly affects the processes occurring in the host organism, participates in digestion and absorption of macro- and micronutrients, synthesis of some biologically active substances, formation of the immune response, maintaining the balance of pro- and anti-inflammatory reactions, energy metabolism. On the other hand, the microflora is largely affected by a number of environmental factors, including the duration, intensity and type of physical activity, dietary habits, the intake of specialized foods and dietary supplements, and circadian rhythms.
Conclusion: the nature of the diet, insufficient or excessive content of protein, fat, SFA, PUFA, dietary fiber, the intensity and duration of training, the type of exercise can affect the composition of the intestinal microbiome. The high species diversity of microflora contributes to the formation of adaptation to training and improvement of sports performance.
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