INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF COMPETITIVE ACTIVITY OF ATHLETES WITH THE USE OF PSYCHOLOGICAL AND PEDAGOGICAL INFLUENCES

The purpose of the study: to analyze the improvement in the performance of biathletes in the individualized formation of the pre-start psychological state of the winning athlete.

Methods and organization of the study. To achieve this goal, the following methods were used: theoretical analysis of literary sources, pedagogical experiment, interviewing, testing, G. Isaac's questionnaire, Spielberger-Khanin and SAN tests, methods of mathematical statistics. The study was conducted with the participation of young biathletes of the 2nd-3rd sports category, divided according to the degree of sportsmanship and the number of participants into the control and experimental groups. All examinees trained according to a single plan. The difference between the examinees of the experimental group and the athletes of the control group was that the psychological preparation of the examinees of the control group was carried out over a one-year macrocycle, and for the athletes of the experimental group it was concentrated in a 3-week period before the competition.  

Results of the study and their discussion. As a result of the conducted pedagogical experiment, a positive influence of psychological and pedagogical influences on the effectiveness of competitive activity of biathletes was found. So, at the end of the experiment at a competitive distance of 15 km, 78% of the examinees showed their best result among the athletes of the experimental group. 40% of the athletes of the control group achieved their record results. Comparison of these circumstances indicates the greater effectiveness of the use of psychological and pedagogical influences directly within 3 weeks before the competition. The results obtained during the performance of psychological tests show that the well-being, activity and mood in the final part of the pedagogical experiment among the biathletes of the experimental group, relative to the initial data recorded at the beginning of the experiment, significantly exceed the corresponding indicators of the athletes of the control group. Consequently, the biathletes of the experimental group are psychologically more successfully prepared in the final part of the experiment for performance at the competition.

Conclusion. At the stage of sports improvement, an increase in the performance of a biathlete is largely determined by the formation of the psychological state of the winning athlete. The advantage of using psychological and pedagogical influences for the formation of the starting readiness of biathletes immediately before the competition is shown in comparison with the use of these influences throughout the annual macrocycle.

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