FEATURES OF SYNERGISTIC INTERACTION OF SKELETAL MUSCLES DURING ARCHERY WITH DIFFERENT FINGER TAB DESIGNS

The purpose of the research was to study the characteristics of the organization of muscle interaction according to the principle of synergy, which determine the implementation of motor tasks of various phases of archery.

Methods and organization. The studies were carried out on 6 athletes performed shooting from a recurve bow. During the shots, implemented using a finger tab of various designs, electromyograms of the superficial muscles of the upper limb and shoulder girdle were recorded. At the same time 3D video capture of the shooter's movements was carried out. Synergy parameters were extracted from the data obtained using factor analysis using the principal component method. The number of synergies, temporal patterns of synergy organization and the degree of muscle involvement in synergy were analyzed under two experimental conditions – when shooting with a hook and without a hook. 

The main results. It has been established that the implementation of motor tasks of individual phases of archery is carried out through two main muscle synergies, regardless of the finger tab design used. The patterns of temporal structuring of the intermuscular interaction of the first synergy in all phases of the shot had high similarity, while for the second they differed significantly, due to the peculiarities of the involvement of skeletal muscles in the structure of synergies. It was found that in the "drawing" and "release" phases of hook shots, the spatial organization of the first synergy included additional muscles not involved in shooting, using a hook-less design. 

Conclusion. Thus, there is a modification of the structure of muscle synergies during shots using a finger tab of different designs. The temporal organization of the patterns of intermuscular interaction of the first synergy remains unchanged, however, the second one shows significant differences. This is due to a change in the involvement of skeletal muscles in synergy, depending on the motor task of a particular phase of the shot. When the bowstring is pulled and released, the first synergy covers a larger number of muscles in the conditions of shooting with a hook. The specificity of the structure of the second synergy is manifested in the redistribution of the degree of involvement of individual muscles without changing the total number of muscles involved in the synergy. The observed changes reflect the modification of the structure of muscle synergies due to changes in the conditions for the implementation of a motor task.

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