Capillaries, endothelium and aerobic exercise

The Purpose. To present the current state of scientific understanding of the relationship between the development of vascularization and aerobic exercise. Materials and methods. The PubMed database of biomedical publications was used for the search basing on the keywords "aerobic training", "vascularization". The analysis of the general tendencies in the field related to the keywords was performed. Results. High importance of humoral factors (including growth factors) for the growth and development of blood vessels under aerobic exercise was found in the studied literature. The level of muscle vascularization is recognized as one of the main factors determining the effective work of aerobic muscles in the zone of aerobic energy supply. Particular attention is drawn to the interaction of factors of hemopoiesis (erythropoietin) and angiogenesis factors (Vascular endothelial growth factor) under physical stress. At the same time, their overall effect on the level of muscle vascularization remains poorly understood, despite the recent appearance of a whole series of new sensitive methods for their study. Conclusion. Although significant progress has been made recently in understanding the processes of vascularization in aerobic muscular work, a detailed study of the molecular mechanisms of hemopoiesis and angiogenesis becomes a promising research topic.

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