The influence of the specificity of sporting activities on statokinetic stability of elite athletes

The aim is to determine the statokinetic stability in elite athletes of different sports before and after vestibular, speed-power and submaximal aerobic exercise. Materials and methods. 264 males were studied, 214 of whom are representatives of cyclic, target and situational sports with high sports qualification. Stabilographic study was carried out with the use of «Stabilan-01-2» computer stabiloanalyzer (Russia). The analysis of pressure center oscillations was performed to assess the statokinetic stability of athletes in the stabilographic test before and after vestibular, speed-force and submaximal aerobic load. Results. It is revealed that athletes of situational sports turn to have significantly higher level of statokinetic stability (p<0,05-0,001) than representatives of cyclic and target sports that is demonstrated in significantly smaller change of the averaged stabilographic indicators after vestibular, speed-power and submaximal aerobic loading. At the same time, the change in the average spread along the sagittal plane, the area of an ellipse and the «quality of the equilibrium function» indicator were significantly higher in target shooters (p<0,05-0,001) than in those engaged in situational and cyclic sports. Untrained individuals demonstrated much more evident changes in the average stabilographic indicators of statokinetic stability than the athletes of different sports did. It resuled in significant differences in all presented stabilographic indicators of maintaining body balance, which reflect a lower level of long-term adaptation of the statokinetic system. Conclusion. The change in the average stabilographic indicators of statokinetic stability after vestibular, speed-power and submaximal aerobic load demonstrates that the level of long-term adaptation of the statokinetic system is higher in athletes of situational sports than in athletes of cyclic and sighting sports, and in general than in non-athletes.

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