FACTOR STRUCTURE OF PHYSICAL AND FUNCTIONAL PREPARATION OF JUDOKAS AT THE STAGES OF LONG-TERM SPORTS TRAINING

The research purpose: to identify differences in the indicators of physical and functional readiness of judokas practicing at different stages of long-term sports training.

Methods and organization of the research. To determine the factor structure of the physical and functional readiness of judokas, the study involved 20 athletes at the initial training stage, 20 athletes at the educational and training stage up to 3 years, 20 athletes at the educational and training stage over 3 years, 20 athletes at the improving sports skills. The factor structure of physical and functional readiness was determined using correlation analysis (Spearman's rank correlation method). The magnitude of the impact of factors of physical and functional readiness of judokas on competitive performance at the championships of the Perm Territory, the Volga Federal District and Russia was determined.

Results and discussion. A comparative analysis of factor physical structures and functional training of judokas revealed significant differences at each stage of long-term sports training. Thus, at the stage of initial preparation and the educational and training stage up to 3 years, the greatest influence on sports results is exerted by the factors of speed, speed-strength abilities, flexibility and the neuromuscular system (noise immunity, reaction to a moving object and concentration of attention). At the educational and training stage of over 3 years and the stage of improving sports skills, the greatest contribution to sports results is made by the factors of speed-strength abilities, endurance, coordination, cardiovascular (Ruffier test, maximum anaerobic power when working with legs and arms) and respiratory (Proper vital capacity of the lungs, Stage and Genchi tests) systems.

Conclusion. The results obtained will allow coaches to more effectively increase the physical and functional readiness of judokas, adjusting the focus of training loads depending on the specifics of each stage of long-term sports training.

1. Garganeeva N.P., Taminova I.F., Kalyuzhin V.V., Kalyuzhina E.V., Smirnova I.N., Sarycheva T.V. Anthropometric features and functional state of the cardiovascular system in qualified athletes of various sports. Russian Journal of Cardiology, 2023, vol. 28, no. 11, pp. 89-99. (in Russ.) DOI 10.15829/1560-4071-2023-5538.
2. Kozyreva D.A., Bitsadze N.G., Varfolomeeva Z.S. Assessment of the functional state of the central nervous system and coordination abilities of judokas at the initial stage of sports selection. International scientific research journal, 2017, no. 8-1(62), pp. 77-80. (in Russ.) DOI 10.23670/IRJ.2017.62.016.
3. Maltsev G.S., Ryabov A.A., Ryabova E.K., Fomenkova Yu.V. Methodology for increasing the general physical fitness of judokas at the stage of initial training. Theory and practice of physical culture, 2021, no. 9, pp. 90-92. (in Russ.)
4. Pogrebnoy A.I., Komlev I.O. Modern world trends in the sports training of judoists (review of foreign literature). Physical culture, sport - science and practice, 2018, no. 3, pp. 107-113. (in Russ.)
5. Tsysar A.O., Maltsev G.S., Zekrin F.Kh., Zekrin A.F. Program of scientific and methodological support for the training of judoists. Theory and practice of physical culture, 2023, no. 2, pp. 31-33. (in Russ.)
6. Rudenko G.V. Tkachuk M.G., Dorofeev V.A. Morphological indicators of success of competitive activity in martial arts. Theory and practice of physical culture, 2020, no. 4, pp. 92-94. (in Russ.)
7. Timofeev V.D. Prediction and evaluating the results of the performances of national teams at the World Judo Championships based on their achievements at international tournaments. Bulletin of sports science, 2020, no. 4, pp. 22-27. (in Russ.)
8. Yurchenko A.L., Zavalishina S.Yu., Dorontsev A.V., Sheveleva A.Yu. Functional features of the body of judo students. Scientific notes of the P.F. Lesgaft University, 2022, no. 6(208), pp. 456-461. (in Russ.) DOI 10.34835/issn.2308-1961.
9. Huang R, Zhang M, Huang L, Chen Z, Mo Y, Gao Y. Effects of lower-extremity explosive strength on youth judo athletes adopting different types of power based resistance training. Front Physiol. 2023 Mar 15;14:1065036. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2023.1065036.
10. Kostrzewa M, Laskowski R, Wilk M, Błach W, Ignatjeva A, Nitychoruk M. Significant Predictors of Sports Performance in Elite Men Judo Athletes Based on Multidimensional Regression Models. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2020 Nov 6;17(21):8192. doi: 10.3390/ijerph17218192.
11. Kowalczyk M, Zgorzalewicz-Stachowiak M, Błach W, Kostrzewa M. Principles of Judo Training as an Organised Form of Physical Activity for Children. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(4):1929. Published 2022 Feb 9. doi:10.3390/ijerph19041929.
12. Lopez-Iturri P, Aguirre E, Azpilicueta L, Astrain JJ, Villadangos J, Falcone F. Implementation and Analysis of ISM 2.4 GHz Wireless Sensor Network Systems in Judo Training Venues. Sensors (Basel). 2016; 16(8):1247. Published 2016 Aug 6. doi:10.3390/s16081247.
13. Prokopczyk A, Sokołowski M. Aerobic Capacity and Restitution Efficiency Level in Relation to the Training Experience and Weekly Training Volume of Male and Female Judo National Team Members in the Cadet Age Group (U18) during the Preparatory Period. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 2022; 19(17):11142. Published 2022 Sep 5. doi:10.3390/ijerph191711142.