Biomechanical criteria and means of developing rational throw techniques in rhythmic gymnastics

The purpose of this research is to identify the biomechanical criteria for rational movement organization of common center of gravity during the throwing motions in rhythmic gymnastics and to elaborate means of effective techniques development on its basis. Materials and methods. 48 throwing motions with different motor tasks performed by 8 highly qualified gymnasts (Master of Sports and Master of Sports World Class) were analyzed. The biomechanical complex including the "Stabilan-01" stabilograph synchronized with video shooting was used. The assessment was focused on changes in the common center of gravity during static posture holding and throws making. The qualitative assessment was determined by the trajectory of projection of the common center of gravity to the horizontal plane from the beginning of the acceleration phase to the moment of the object release. The quantitative assessment was determined by the total range of the center of pressure oscillations and average center of pressure velocity in each phase of the throwing motion. Results. The biomechanical criteria of the rational technique of analyzed motor actions are identified. These criteria include: displacement features of the gymnast body center in the initial and final throw phases and the stability of equilibrium at the time of release of a sporting projectile. Conclusion. In order to improve throw techniques of gymnasts we offered means of urgent information about deviations from rational techniques, which are rolling and balance boards. The developed simulators will be implemented into the training process of gymnasts.

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