BIOMECHANICAL ANALYSIS OF THE PHASES OF A PENALTY CORNER IN FIELD HOCKEY

The research purpose was to provide a biomechanical analysis of penalty corner striking techniques in field hockey.

Research problems. 1) To identify the boundary phases of a penalty corner; 2) To determine the mechanism of pressure distribution under the feet; 3) To identify the characteristics of an ideal model of spatial-temporal motion of the projection of the center of pressure on the supporting surface when executing a penalty corner.

Methods: literature review, biomechanical analysis with the use of a podometric platform, and mathematical statistics.

Results. The results of a biomechanical analysis enabled us to register the parameters of pressure distribution under a foot during a penalty corner, and to identify boundary and spatial-temporal phases. We revealed 3 periods in the movement structure: preparation, implementation, and completion. We revealed 5 movement phases: #1 Preparation, #2 Adjustment to a starting position, #3 Start of a stroke, #4 Stroke, and #5 Completion. We identified the values of pressure under a foot in each of the phases of penalty corner and the bio-mechanism of its change and regulation when during penalty corner execution. Therefore, for each phase, pressure changes under the right (R) and left (L) feet from the percentage of body weight were arranged. The arrangement is as follows: #1 – Preparation (R – 72; L – 28%), #2 Adjustment to a starting position (R – 93; L – 7%), #3 Start of a stroke (R – 17; L – 83%), # 4 Completion of a stroke (R – 16; L – 84%), and # 5 – Stick and body motion after a stroke (R-1: L-99%). We identified the characteristics of the ideal model of spatial-temporal motion of the projection of the center of pressure on the supporting surface when executing a penalty corner. We revealed that each phase took a certain time period during the stroke execution: #1 – Preparation (35%), #2 Adjustment to a starting position (22%), #3 Start of a stroke (26%), #4 Completion of a stroke (4%), and #5 Stick and body motion after a stroke (13%).

Conclusion. The research findings can enable coaches and athletes to understand the characteristics of an ideal model of the stroke execution, and to get aware of various tools available for its technical support.

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