The theory of motor actions of the athlete: the need for new approaches

Motor action is analyzed as an integral act of human behavior, as a human deed. It is developed the problem of methodological basics of sport kinesiology, The motor act is studied from the standpoint of philosophical anthropology, modern psychology and sociology of sport as well. It is considered the question of the mechanisms of motor actions of the athlete and the conditions under which it is effective in both applied and socio-cultural terms. In accordance with the views of philosophical anthropology physical action as any behavioral act of a person, has the triple structure: external, internal and transcendental. Its implementation is connected with the actualization of three interrelated experiences: sense of environment, sense of body and sense of the human I, which, however, usually is not taken into account today in the science of sports, and that leads to substantial failures of cognitive and practical nature. It is not taken into account, in particular, that the motor action produces its subject, generates consciousness and is not simply controlled by ready consciousness, existing prior to the implementation process of the action itself. This analysis often ignores the fact that this action has both motor and semantic structure, which primarily correspond to the afferent and efferent coordination and syntheses that constitute the functional basis of the performed movement. It is also significant that the sport in its socio-cultural content – is a self-sustained competitive activity. Here the victory, by itself, is the highest value. This determines the character of the realized in motor action the volitional effort, which involves getting and keeping in focus the integral, meditation by its nature experiences, where the sense of environment and the sense of body form a psychosomatic unity (like "sense of water" of a swimmer). It is shown that the motor action of the athlete having the above qualities has a high socio-cultural and educational potential, which, however, is still used only partially today.

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