Model anthropometric and morphologic characteristics of different distance runners

Selection of perspective athletes by anthropometric and morphological parameters plays an important role in the prediction of sports results in running. The purpose of the study was to determine the model anthropometric and morphological characteristics of runners depending on specialization and level of achievement. The study involved 46 runners (18-23 years; distance: from 100 m to 5,000 m; level of achievement: from the second adult rank to international-level master of sports), as well as 60 controls of the same age. The analysis of body composition was determined using Tanita MC 980 MA. We found that male sprinters had greater values of body length and mass, body mass index, muscle and fat mass than endurance athletes. Furthermore, sprinters had greater values of body length and mass, muscle mass and whole body protein content than controls. Endurance athletes had greater muscle mass and protein content than controls. On the other hand, athletes had lower fat mass. Correlation analysis revealed positive interrelationship between the level of achievement of male sprinters and their body length, muscle mass and total body water. In the group of female endurance athletes the positive correlation between the level of achievement of runners and their body length, muscle mass, bone mass and whole body protein content was shown. Thus, specialized athletic performance imposes certain requirements on anthropometric characteristics and morphological status of individual, increases body muscle mass, decreases body fat mass, and also affects the protein metabolism and water balance.

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