FEATURES OF STRENGTH AND ELECTROMYOGRAPHIC CHARACTERISTICS AT MAXIMUM VOLUNTARY CONTRACTION AND SHOOTING FROM A RECURVE BOW

The research purpose was to study the dynamics of changes in the recurve bow string tension and the level of special strength readiness in athletes of various qualifications.

Methods and organization. The study involved 37 archers with qualification level ranging from shooters without a rank to Honored Master of Sports. A dynamometry of the maximum voluntary contraction (MVC) and draw force of a bowstring was recorded during aiming phase. A specialized device "archer dynamometer" was developed for the registration of MVC. The amplitude of electromyograms of the skeletal muscles of the arms, shoulder girdle and back was also compared when performing MVC and archery shots.

The results. The lowest value of MVC was registered in novice archers: boys – 14,40±0,70 kg and girls – 22,61±1,45 kg. The maximum values of MVC were shown by athletes with an international class qualification level and an Honored Master of Sports: men – 73,12±1,70 kg and women – 43,63±2,93 kg. The draw force bowstring was also the lowest in novice athletes and increased with increasing sportsmanship to 23,73±0,37 kg for men and 21,40±1,16 kg for women. Electromyographic analysis showed that, in contrast to a bowshot, when performing MVC, an increase in the electrical activity of the upper trapezius muscle, flexor digitorum superficialis, and a decrease was registered in extensor digitorum communis, anterior deltoid and the lower trapezius muscle on the left side, while the posterior deltoid muscle of the pulling arm did not change its tension.

Conclusion. The draw force of bowstring in highly qualified male athletes was only a third of their maximum strength abilities. Qualified women showed the draw force of bowstring 40-60% of the MVC. Novice athletes need to develop maximum voluntary contraction up to 80%, which indicates an insufficient level of special physical fitness. With excessive tension on the string of a recurve bow, the electrical activity of the upper bundles of the trapezius muscle increases, while the tension in the posterior part of the deltoid muscle of the the draw arm practically does not change. 
 

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