ASSESSMENT OF TRAINING PROCESS QUALITY OF CROSS-COUNTRY SKIERS AND BIATHLETES BY THE RESULTS OF THE DAILY RESEARCHES OF HEART RATE VARIABILITY

The purpose of the study is to show that the results of daily express analysis of heart rate variability, taking into account the individual type of vegetative regulation, can be used for successful assessment of the quality and disorders of training process, relevant identification of early signs of overtraining and the ability to predict sport outcomes of cross-country skiers and biathletes. Research methods and organization. 54 cross-country skiers and 40 biathletes aged 15 to 24 (with qualifications from I senior rank to Master of Sport) – members of national teams of the Udmurt Republic were observed during the whole series of training process. The core methodic approach to assessment of training process quality was daily held express-analysis of heart rate variability (HRV) at rest and during orthostasis considering individual type of vegetative reactivity. Express analysis of HRV was carried out for every athlete every day before upcoming training using «Varicard 2.51» and «Varicard MP» devices in 5 m lying and 6 m standing positions. Using «Varicard MP» program enabled registration of HRV of four athletes at the same time. It took 30 minutes to observe the entire team, which allowed the coach to have complete information about functional fitness, adaptive-reserve capabilities and rehabilitation processes of each athlete and to make adjustments to the training plan on time. Over 2500 HRV researches were carried out. Research results and discussion. Individual analysis of outcomes of heart rhythm variability revealed serious irregularities in training process of cross-country skiers and biathletes. It was identified that identical training loads without taking into account the individual-typological features of regulatory systems lead to overtraining, first of all, for cross-country skiers and biathletes with low reserve capabilities. It has been demonstrated that there is a varying state of regulatory systems along with equal heart rate variability (HRV). It has been revealed that overtraining is associated with reconfiguration of regulatory systems, which can result in stable pathological portrait of cardio regulatory systems. Athletes who have the lack of correction of training loads can experience disorders of adaptive-regulatory systems in the first and following micro cycles of training periods when being transferred from plains to midlands. It has been demonstrated that volumes and intensity of previous loads are not considered when an athlete moves from one coach to another, and it results in vegetative imbalance and decreasing reserve capacities of body in the preparatory period and to overtraining and decreasing sport performance afterwards. It has been determined that training process along with health disorders results in mobilization of additional body reserves, and it can enhance disregulatory manifestations. It has been revealed that abundance of two training loads in combination with sauna adversely affect recovery processes of young athletes. The close link between the state of cardio regulatory systems and successful performance at competitions is clearly defined. Conclusion. It was found that coaches lacking clear knowledge of the individual boundaries of the body’s regulatory and reserve capabilities of cross-country skiers and biathletes before each workout, planning the same training loads and monitoring their tolerance only by heart rate without daily HRV rapid analysis, and unscheduled rest days lead to overtraining of the cardio regulatory systems.

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